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Supported Formats
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Common Formats
ZIP Archive - universal compression format developed by Phil Katz (1989) supporting multiple compression methods. Built into Windows, macOS, and Linux. Uses DEFLATE algorithm providing good compression (40-60% reduction) with fast processing. Supports file encryption, split archives, and compression levels. Maximum compatibility across all platforms and devices. Perfect for file sharing, email attachments, web downloads, and general-purpose compression. Industry standard with virtually universal software support including built-in OS tools, mobile apps, and command-line utilities.
RAR Archive - proprietary format by Eugene Roshal (1993) offering superior compression ratios (10-20% better than ZIP) through advanced algorithms. Popular on Windows with WinRAR software. Supports recovery records for damaged archive repair, solid compression for better ratios, strong AES encryption, and split archives up to 8 exabytes. Excellent for long-term storage, large file collections, and backup scenarios. Common in software distribution and file sharing communities. Requires WinRAR or compatible software (not built into most systems).
7-Zip Archive - open-source format by Igor Pavlov (1999) providing the best compression ratio available (20-40% better than ZIP, 10-15% better than RAR). Uses LZMA and LZMA2 algorithms with strong AES-256 encryption. Supports huge file sizes (16 exabytes), multiple compression methods, solid compression, and self-extracting archives. Free from licensing restrictions and patent concerns. Perfect for maximizing storage efficiency, software distribution, and backup archives where size matters. Requires 7-Zip or compatible software but offers exceptional space savings.
Unix Formats
TAR Archive - Tape Archive format from Unix (1979) bundling multiple files and directories into single file without compression. Preserves file permissions, ownership, timestamps, and symbolic links critical for Unix systems. Often combined with compression (TAR.GZ, TAR.BZ2, TAR.XZ) for efficient distribution. Standard format for Linux software packages, system backups, and cross-platform file transfer. Essential for maintaining Unix file attributes. Works with streaming operations enabling network transfers and piping. Foundation of Unix/Linux backup and distribution systems.
GZIP/TGZ - GNU zip compression format (1992) using DEFLATE algorithm, standard compression for Linux and Unix systems. TGZ is TAR archive compressed with GZIP. Fast compression and decompression with moderate ratios (50-70% reduction for text). Single-file compression commonly paired with TAR for multi-file archives. Universal on Unix/Linux systems with built-in 'gzip' command. Perfect for log files, text data, Linux software distribution, and web server compression. Streaming-friendly enabling on-the-fly compression. Industry standard for Unix file compression since the 1990s.
BZIP2/TBZ2 - block-sorting compression format by Julian Seward (1996) offering better compression than GZIP (10-15% smaller) at the cost of slower processing. TBZ2 is TAR archive compressed with BZIP2. Uses Burrows-Wheeler transform achieving excellent ratios on text and source code. Popular for software distribution where size matters more than speed. Common in Linux package repositories and source code archives. Ideal for archival storage, software releases, and situations prioritizing compression over speed. Standard tool on most Unix/Linux systems.
XZ/TXZ - modern compression format (2009) using LZMA2 algorithm providing excellent compression ratios approaching 7Z quality. TXZ is TAR archive compressed with XZ. Superior to GZIP and BZIP2 with ratios similar to 7Z but as single-file stream. Becoming the new standard for Linux distributions and software packages. Supports multi-threading for faster processing. Perfect for large archives, software distribution, and modern Linux systems. Smaller download sizes for software packages while maintaining fast decompression. Default compression for many current Linux distributions.
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{format_tar_bz_desc}
{format_tar_lz_desc}
{format_tar_lzma_desc}
{format_tar_lzo_desc}
{format_tar_z_desc}
TGZ - TAR archive compressed with GZIP compression. Combines TAR's file bundling with GZIP's compression in single extension (.tgz instead of .tar.gz). Standard format for Linux software distribution and source code packages. Maintains Unix file permissions and attributes while reducing size 50-70%. Fast compression and decompression speeds. Universal compatibility on Unix/Linux systems. Perfect for software releases, backup archives, and cross-platform file transfer. Abbreviated form of TAR.GZ with identical functionality and structure.
TBZ2 - TAR archive compressed with BZIP2 compression. Better compression than TGZ (10-15% smaller) but slower processing. Uses Burrows-Wheeler block sorting for excellent text compression. Common in Linux distributions and software packages where size is critical. Maintains Unix file permissions and attributes. Perfect for source code distribution, archival storage, and bandwidth-limited transfers. Abbreviated form of TAR.BZ2 with identical functionality. Standard format for Gentoo Linux packages and large software archives.
TXZ - TAR archive compressed with XZ (LZMA2) compression. Modern format offering best compression ratios for TAR archives (better than TGZ and TBZ2). Fast decompression despite high compression. Supports multi-threading for improved performance. Becoming standard for Linux distributions (Arch, Slackware use TXZ). Maintains Unix permissions and symbolic links. Perfect for large software packages, system backups, and efficient storage. Abbreviated form of TAR.XZ representing the future of Unix archive compression.
LZMA/TAR.LZMA - Lempel-Ziv-Markov chain Algorithm compression format (2001) offering excellent compression ratios. TAR.LZMA combines TAR archiving with LZMA compression. Predecessor to XZ format using similar algorithm but older container format. Better compression than GZIP and BZIP2 but superseded by XZ/LZMA2. Still encountered in older Linux distributions and legacy archives. Slower compression than GZIP but better ratios (similar to XZ). Modern systems prefer TAR.XZ over TAR.LZMA. Legacy format for accessing older compressed archives from 2000s era.
LZO/TAR.LZO - Lempel-Ziv-Oberhumer compression format prioritizing speed over compression ratio. TAR.LZO is TAR archive compressed with LZO. Extremely fast compression and decompression (faster than GZIP) with moderate ratios (30-50% reduction). Popular in real-time applications, live systems, and scenarios requiring instant decompression. Used by some Linux kernels and embedded systems. Common in backup solutions prioritizing speed. Perfect for temporary compression, live CD/USB systems, and high-speed data transfer. Trade-off: larger files than GZIP/BZIP2/XZ but much faster processing.
Z/TAR.Z - Unix compress format from 1985 using LZW (Lempel-Ziv-Welch) algorithm. TAR.Z is TAR archive compressed with compress command. Historical Unix compression format predating GZIP. Patent issues (until 2003) led to GZIP replacing it. Legacy format with poor compression by modern standards. Rarely used today except in very old Unix systems and historical archives. If you encounter .Z or .tar.Z files, convert to modern formats (TAR.GZ, TAR.XZ) for better compression and wider support. Important for accessing ancient Unix archives from 1980s-1990s.
Specialized Formats
ISO Image - ISO 9660 disk image format containing exact sector-by-sector copy of optical media (CD/DVD/Blu-ray). Standard format for distributing operating systems, software installations, and bootable media. Can be mounted as virtual drive without physical disc. Contains complete filesystem including boot sectors, metadata, and file structures. Essential for Linux distributions, system recovery media, and software archives. Used by burning software, virtual machines, and media servers. Universal standard with support in all major operating systems for mounting and burning.
Cabinet Archive - Microsoft's compression format for Windows installers and system files. Used extensively in Windows setup packages, driver installations, and system updates. Supports multiple compression algorithms (DEFLATE, LZX, Quantum), split archives, and digital signatures. Built into Windows with native extraction support. Common in software distribution for Windows applications, particularly older installers and Microsoft products. Maintains Windows-specific attributes and can store multiple files with folder structures. Part of Windows since 1996.
AR Archive - Unix archiver format (1970s) originally for creating library archives (.a files). Simple format storing multiple files with basic metadata (filename, modification time, permissions). Used primarily for static libraries in Unix development (.a extension). Foundation format for DEB packages (Debian packages are AR archives containing control and data). Minimal compression support (none by default). Essential for Unix library management and Debian package structure. Standard tool 'ar' included on all Unix/Linux systems. Simple and reliable for static file collections.
Debian Package - software package format for Debian, Ubuntu, and derivative Linux distributions. Contains compiled software, installation scripts, configuration files, and dependency metadata. Used by APT package manager (apt, apt-get commands). Actually a special AR archive containing control files and data archives. Essential format for Debian-based Linux software distribution. Includes pre/post-installation scripts, version management, and dependency resolution. Standard packaging for thousands of Ubuntu/Debian applications. Can be inspected and extracted as regular archive.
RPM Package - Red Hat Package Manager format for Red Hat, Fedora, CentOS, SUSE, and derivative Linux distributions. Contains compiled software, installation metadata, scripts, and dependency information. Used by YUM and DNF package managers. Includes GPG signature support for security verification. Standard for Red Hat Enterprise Linux ecosystem. Supports pre/post-installation scriptlets, file verification, and rollback capabilities. Essential format for RHEL-based Linux software distribution. Can be extracted as archive to inspect contents without installation.
JAR Archive - Java Archive format based on ZIP compression for packaging Java applications. Contains compiled Java classes (.class files), application resources, and manifest metadata. Standard distribution format for Java applications and libraries. Supports digital signatures for code verification. Can be executable (runnable JAR files with Main-Class manifest). Perfect for Java application deployment, library distribution, and plugin systems. Compatible with ZIP tools but includes Java-specific features. Essential format for Java development and deployment since 1996.
ARJ Archive - legacy DOS compression format by Robert Jung (1991). Popular in DOS and early Windows era for its good compression ratio and ability to create multi-volume archives. Supports encryption, damage protection, and archive comments. Largely obsolete today, replaced by ZIP, RAR, and 7Z. Still encountered in legacy systems and old software archives. Requires ARJ or compatible decompression software. Historical format important for accessing old DOS/Windows archives from 1990s. Better converted to modern formats for long-term accessibility.
LHA Archive - Japanese compression format (also LZH) developed in 1988, extremely popular in Japan and with Amiga users. Uses LZSS and LZHUF compression algorithms providing good ratios. Common for Japanese software distribution in 1990s. Supports archive headers, directory structures, and file attributes. Legacy format now mostly replaced by modern alternatives. Still encountered in retro computing, Japanese software archives, and Amiga communities. Requires LHA/LZH compatible software for extraction. Important for accessing Japanese and Amiga software archives.
CPIO Archive - Copy In/Out archive format from Unix (1970s) for creating file archives. Simpler than TAR, often used for system backups and initramfs/initrd creation. Standard format for Linux initial RAM disk images. Supports multiple formats (binary, ASCII, CRC). Better handling of special files and device nodes than TAR. Common in system administration, bootloader configurations, and kernel initrd images. Universal on Unix/Linux systems. Essential for system-level archiving and embedded Linux systems. Works well for streaming operations.
How to Convert Files
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Frequently Asked Questions
What is a CAB file and why was it widely used on Windows for software distribution?
A CAB (Cabinet) file is Microsoft’s native compressed archive format introduced in the Windows 95 era. It was designed to deliver software components, drivers, and installers efficiently while preserving file integrity and minimizing download or installation sizes.
Unlike general-purpose archives, CAB files support multiple compression algorithms (LZX, MSZIP, Quantum) and internal indexing optimized for fast extraction by Windows setup tools.
CAB archives became essential for Windows installers, system updates, component packages, and deployment tools, even though modern formats have largely replaced them in consumer workflows.
Why are CAB files still used inside Windows even though ZIP and MSI are more common?
CAB files integrate deeply with the Windows servicing stack, making them ideal for packaging system components, update payloads, and driver bundles.
Windows Installer (MSI) and DISM rely on CAB structures for storing features, patches, and optional Windows components due to their predictable structure and fast parsing.
Legacy tools continue to depend on CAB archives since they guarantee deterministic behavior that modern compressed formats may not provide.
Why can't I open certain CAB files with normal archive tools?
Some CAB files contain specialized digital signatures, internal repair tables, or multi-volume structures that generic extractors cannot interpret.
Advanced compression modes like LZX or Quantum may not be fully supported outside Windows tools such as `expand.exe` or DISM.
System-level CAB archives created for updates may contain metadata blocks that require Windows-specific extraction behavior.
Why do CAB files sometimes contain multiple compressed sections instead of one?
Large installers split content into multiple compression units to speed up extraction and avoid memory overuse during install procedures.
This structure allows incremental unpacking, meaning only relevant components are decompressed when needed.
Multi-part internal structures optimize installation speed on older hardware where CAB files originated.
Why is CAB compression sometimes worse than ZIP or 7Z?
CAB prioritizes deterministic and fast decompression rather than maximum compression ratio.
Its algorithms are optimized for Windows installer scenarios, not general-purpose compression.
Formats like 7Z use more advanced modern algorithms that CAB was never designed to compete with.
Is it safe to install or extract CAB files from unknown sources?
CAB files can contain executable binaries, scripts, DLLs, or system drivers, making them potentially dangerous if sourced from untrusted locations.
Many Windows updates rely on digital signatures inside CAB archives—lack of valid signatures is a red flag.
Always verify the source or signature before extracting or installing CAB contents.
Why do Windows drivers often come packaged as CAB files?
Driver metadata, configuration files, and binary blobs compress efficiently inside CAB due to predictable file structures.
The Windows Driver Store and PnP framework expect CAB-based driver bundles for streamlined installation.
Microsoft’s deployment infrastructure uses CAB as a uniform format for distributing certified drivers.
Why do some CAB files require special tools like DISM or pkgmgr to install?
System component CABs contain manifests, dependencies, and metadata that must be processed by Windows component servicing rather than normal extraction tools.
DISM validates signature integrity, checks compatibility, and registers components with the OS.
These CAB archives modify OS environments and require elevated privileges and specialized handling.
Can CAB files become corrupted easily?
CAB archives include internal checksums, but partial downloads or interruptions can corrupt the container or individual blocks.
Multi-volume CABs are especially vulnerable because a single missing part renders the entire set unusable.
Windows tools typically detect corruption instantly due to built-in validation structures.
Can CAB files store very large archives?
Classic CAB format has a maximum size limit of around 2 GB per file due to 32-bit structural constraints.
Modern software rarely uses CAB for oversized archives because formats like ZIP64 or 7Z handle large datasets far better.
For OS components, content is usually split into smaller CABs to stay within compatibility boundaries.
Why do installers often extract CAB files temporarily during setup?
Many MSI, EXE, and setup frameworks embed CAB files internally and extract them dynamically when installation begins.
This makes installers smaller, modular, and easier to update or patch.
Temporary extraction also allows selective installation of components based on user configuration.
Do CAB files support encryption or password protection?
Standard CAB format does not support encryption or password protection of any kind.
Security must be applied at the file level inside the CAB (such as encrypted EXEs), not to the CAB container itself.
Because of this limitation, CAB is not suitable for sensitive or confidential data storage.
How do multi-volume CAB files work?
Large installers sometimes split CAB content into multiple files (e.g., `data1.cab`, `data2.cab`).
Each part contains segments of the internal structure, and extraction requires all volumes present.
This design reflects the era of floppy disk installations and continues to support backward compatibility.
Is the CAB format still relevant today?
CAB is still widely used in Windows Update packages, driver distributions, and system components.
However, general users rarely encounter CAB files manually due to modern compression and packaging alternatives.
Despite its age, CAB remains embedded deeply in Microsoft’s infrastructure and is unlikely to disappear.
Should you use CAB for general archiving or compression?
No—CAB is outdated compared to ZIP, 7Z, or TAR.XZ in terms of compression ratio, flexibility, and modern features.
It lacks encryption, extended metadata support, and large file capabilities.
Use CAB only when interacting with Windows drivers, installers, updates, or legacy deployment systems.