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Supported Formats
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Desktop Fonts
TrueType Font - universal desktop font format developed by Apple and Microsoft in the 1980s. Uses quadratic Bézier curves for glyph outlines. Excellent screen rendering with hinting technology. Works on all platforms (Windows, Mac, Linux). Supports Unicode with up to 65,536 glyphs. Standard desktop font format with maximum compatibility. Perfect for document embedding, desktop publishing, and cross-platform typography. Universal support in all operating systems and applications. Reliable choice for general-purpose font usage.
OpenType Font - modern font format jointly developed by Adobe and Microsoft (1996) extending TrueType. Uses cubic Bézier curves (PostScript outlines) allowing more complex glyph shapes. Supports advanced typography features (ligatures, alternate glyphs, contextual substitutions). Can contain up to 65,536 glyphs enabling comprehensive language support. Cross-platform compatibility (Windows, Mac, Linux). Industry standard for professional typography and multilingual documents. Perfect for print design, branding, and high-quality typography. Superior to TTF for complex scripts and advanced typographic features.
Mac Data Fork Font - legacy Macintosh font format storing TrueType/PostScript data in data fork. Used in Mac OS 9 and earlier. Phased out with Mac OS X transition to .ttf and .otf. Contains complete font data in single file (unlike resource fork fonts). Limited compatibility with modern systems. Convert to TTF or OTF for current macOS and cross-platform use. Historical format important for accessing old Mac fonts. Mainly encountered when migrating legacy Mac systems.
Compact Font Format - Adobe's space-efficient font outline format used within OpenType fonts. Stores glyph outlines using PostScript-based charstrings. More compact than TrueType outlines. Used in OTF fonts with PostScript outlines. Not standalone font file - embedded in OTF. Professional typography standard. Better compression than TTF outlines. Extract from OTF or work with complete OTF fonts.
CID-Keyed Font - Adobe font format for large character sets (Asian languages with thousands of characters). Character ID based system for efficient large font handling. Used in professional CJK (Chinese, Japanese, Korean) typography. Complex format requiring PostScript RIP support. Legacy format superseded by Unicode OpenType. Convert to modern OTF with Unicode mapping for compatibility. Important for accessing legacy Asian language fonts.
Spline Font Database - FontForge's native font format. Editable font source format storing complete font data including editing information. ASCII or binary format with full font metadata. Used in font design and development. Convert to TTF/OTF for deployable fonts. Perfect for font design workflow. Maintains complete font development history. FontForge is free open-source font editor.
Unified Font Object - open source font source format (XML-based directory structure). Developed by font tool creators for interoperability. Stores complete font design data in human-readable XML. Used by modern font editors (RoboFont, Glyphs, FontForge). Perfect for font development and version control. Industry standard for open font source files. Compile to TTF/OTF for distribution. Excellent for collaborative font design.
Web Formats
Web Open Font Format - font format specifically designed for web use (2009). Compressed TrueType/OpenType fonts reducing file size by ~40%. Supported by 99% of browsers (Chrome, Firefox, Safari, Edge). Includes metadata for licensing and font information. Perfect for website typography ensuring consistent rendering across devices. Industry standard for web fonts. Faster page loads than raw TTF/OTF. Essential for modern web design and custom typography. Recommended for broad web compatibility.
WOFF 2.0 - improved web font format (2014) with better compression using Brotli algorithm. 30% smaller than WOFF with faster decompression. Supported by all modern browsers (96%+ global coverage). Maintains WOFF's metadata and licensing features. Superior performance for web typography. Recommended format for modern websites. Falls back to WOFF for older browsers. Essential for optimizing website performance and reducing bandwidth. Default choice for contemporary web development.
Embedded OpenType - proprietary web font format developed by Microsoft for Internet Explorer. Compressed and subset fonts with DRM protection. Only supported by Internet Explorer (legacy browser). Obsolete format replaced by WOFF/WOFF2. Historically important for web fonts (1997-2010s). Still encountered in legacy websites. Not recommended for new projects. Convert to WOFF2/WOFF for modern browsers. Maintained only for backward compatibility with old IE versions.
SVG Font - vector-based font format embedded in SVG files. Defines glyphs as SVG paths allowing colors, gradients, and effects. Deprecated for web use in favor of WOFF. Limited browser support (only Safari supports SVG fonts). Larger file sizes than outline fonts. Mainly historical format. Useful for special effects and colored fonts. Modern alternative: OpenType-SVG. Not recommended for general use. Better options: WOFF2 with icon fonts or OpenType color fonts.
Specialized Formats
PostScript Font Binary - Adobe Type 1 binary format for professional printing (1984). Contains glyph outlines in PostScript language. Excellent print quality with precise curves. Requires corresponding PFM or AFM metrics file. Standard in professional publishing and printing industry. Limited to 256 glyphs (single-byte encoding). Being replaced by OpenType. Still used in legacy publishing workflows. Convert to OTF for modern compatibility while preserving PostScript quality.
PostScript Font ASCII - Adobe Type 1 ASCII variant of PFB format. Human-readable PostScript code defining font outlines. Used for font development and debugging. Less efficient than PFB binary format. Requires PFM or AFM metrics file. Same quality as PFB for printing. Legacy format for professional typography. Convert to OTF for modern systems. Primarily historical significance in desktop publishing evolution.
Printer Font Metrics - Windows metrics file for Type 1 PostScript fonts. Contains font measurements (character widths, kerning pairs, bounding boxes). Required companion to PFB/PFA for proper rendering on Windows. Text file format with font metrics data. Does not contain glyph outlines. Legacy format from Windows 3.1/95 era. Used with PFB for complete Type 1 font installation. Modern OpenType fonts include metrics internally. Convert Type 1 fonts to OTF to consolidate metrics and outlines.
Adobe Font Metrics - Adobe's metrics format for Type 1 PostScript fonts. Contains character widths, kerning pairs, ligatures, and bounding boxes. ASCII text format readable by humans and applications. Companion to PFB/PFA outline files. Used by font design tools and professional publishing software. Essential for proper font spacing and kerning. Legacy format with historical importance in digital typography. Modern fonts embed metrics in OTF format. Convert to OpenType for integrated metrics and outlines.
Binary Font File - generic binary font data format used by various font tools and editors. Contains raw font outline data without specific format wrapper. Used in font development and conversion pipelines. Requires specific tools to process. Not a standard end-user format. Intermediate format in font creation workflow. Convert to TTF or OTF for usable fonts. Primarily relevant in font design and development contexts.
Mac Suitcase Font - legacy Macintosh font container (Mac OS Classic) storing multiple fonts in one file. Contains TrueType or PostScript fonts in resource fork. Used with Font Suitcase format (.suit extension). Obsolete with Mac OS X migration. Poor compatibility with modern systems. Required Font/DA Mover for installation on old Macs. Extract individual fonts and convert to TTF/OTF for modern use. Important for recovering fonts from classic Mac archives and systems.
PostScript Font Program - Adobe PostScript Type 1 font in PostScript language format. Contains font outlines as PostScript code. Used for printer font downloads and font development. Human-readable but inefficient. Legacy format from desktop publishing era. Convert to OTF for modern usage. Historical importance in professional typography. Mainly encountered in old publishing workflows.
PageMaker 3 Font - legacy font format from Aldus PageMaker 3.0 (1980s desktop publishing). Proprietary format specific to early PageMaker versions. Obsolete format with no modern support. Important only for recovering old PageMaker documents. Convert to TTF/OTF if font data recoverable. Historical artifact from desktop publishing evolution. Better alternatives available for all uses.
Type 11 Font - variant of PostScript CID-Keyed font format. Used for complex fonts with large character sets. Legacy format for Asian language fonts. Limited modern support. Convert to Unicode OpenType for compatibility. Historical format in CJK font development. Modern alternatives handle large character sets better with Unicode.
Type 42 Font - PostScript font format wrapping TrueType outlines. Hybrid format combining PostScript wrapper with TrueType data. Used for downloading TrueType fonts to PostScript printers. Primarily printer-internal format. Limited end-user relevance. Convert underlying TrueType to TTF/OTF. Historical bridge between TrueType and PostScript worlds.
How to Convert Files
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Frequently Asked Questions
What is a T11 font file and where is it commonly used?
A T11 file is a bitmap font used in Japanese TeX systems such as pTeX and upTeX.
It stores pixel-based glyphs for specific JIS encodings at a fixed point size.
These files were essential for early Japanese typesetting workflows.
Why are T11 fonts bitmap-based instead of vector-based?
Early TeX workflows relied on bitmap representations to guarantee stable, pixel-perfect output.
Vector Japanese fonts were not widely available when T11 formats were standardized.
Bitmap fonts ensured predictable rendering on low-resolution devices.
Why do T11 files exist in multiple sizes instead of scaling a single font?
Bitmap fonts cannot be resized cleanly without distortion.
Each point size required its own carefully designed bitmap grid.
This preserved clarity for mathematical and Japanese text combinations.
Why were T11 fonts necessary for Japanese TeX when Latin TeX used PK or TFM files?
Japanese scripts require thousands of glyphs, far more than typical PK fonts.
T11 provided structured bitmap tables tailored for East Asian typography.
It allowed TeX engines to handle complex scripts efficiently.
Why do T11 fonts include glyphs mapped to specific JIS codes?
Japanese TeX engines historically relied on JIS X 0208 encoding.
T11 maps each bitmap to its exact JIS position for consistent indexing.
This ensured compatibility with legacy Japanese publishing workflows.
Why do T11 fonts sometimes appear pixelated in modern PDF output?
They are low-resolution bitmaps optimized for classic printing devices.
When displayed on high-resolution screens, the pixel structure becomes visible.
Modern TeX engines prefer OpenType replacements to avoid this issue.
Why were T11 fonts stored separately from TFM metric files?
TFM files contain only metrics such as widths and heights, not actual glyph shapes.
T11 files supply the actual pixel glyphs used by the renderer.
Both components were required for complete typesetting.
Why did Japanese publishers depend on T11 fonts for technical and academic documents?
TeX offered unmatched mathematical layout quality.
T11 provided reliable Japanese glyphs compatible with TeX’s strict layout engine.
This combination became a standard for research papers and scientific books.
Why do some TeX distributions still ship T11 fonts even after adopting OpenType CJK fonts?
Legacy documents built around bitmap workflows still reference T11 files.
Backward compatibility is essential for long-term reproducible research.
T11 ensures archives remain renderable without modification.
Why is replacing T11 fonts with vector CJK fonts not always straightforward?
Some TeX macros expect exact bitmap dimensions to maintain line-breaking consistency.
Vector replacements may shift baselines or bearings slightly.
Careful tuning is required to maintain document fidelity.
Why do T11 fonts load so quickly compared to vector-based alternatives?
Bitmaps require no curve interpretation or rasterization calculations.
The TeX engine directly blits the pixel patterns into the output buffer.
This simplicity was ideal for older hardware.
Why are T11 files large despite being bitmap-based?
Each glyph image can occupy significant space, especially at higher pixel resolutions.
Japanese fonts require thousands of such bitmaps.
The aggregate size grows quickly even without vector data.
Why do T11 fonts sometimes include unique spacing logic tailored for Japanese typography?
Traditional Japanese layout uses full-width grids and distinct spacing rules.
T11 fonts enforce these rules through fixed bitmap dimensions.
This preserves typographic conventions like monospaced Kanji alignment.
Why are T11 files rarely edited directly by designers?
They store raw pixel glyphs without advanced editing metadata.
Modifying them requires specialized bitmap-editing tools.
Most designers work in vector formats and allow TeX tools to generate bitmaps automatically.
Why is T11 considered a legacy format even though it still appears in modern TeX archives?
Bitmap fonts are outdated for high-resolution publishing.
OpenType CJK fonts provide superior quality and flexibility.
T11 remains only for backward compatibility with historical TeX documents.